. Signature Freddie Mercury (born Farrokh Bulsara; 5 September 1946 – 24 November 1991) was a British singer-songwriter, record producer and lead vocalist of the rock band. He is regarded as one of the greatest singers in the history of, and was known for his flamboyant stage persona and four- vocal range.
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Mercury was born in to parents from India. After growing up in Zanzibar and then India, his family moved to, England, in his late teens. He formed Queen in 1970 with guitarist and drummer. Mercury wrote numerous hits for Queen, including ', ', ', ', ', and '. He also led a solo career while performing with Queen, and occasionally served as a producer and guest musician for other artists.
Mercury died in 1991 at age 45 due to complications from, having confirmed the day before his death that he had contracted the disease. As a member of Queen, he was inducted into the in 2001, the in 2003, and the in 2004.
In 1992, a year after his death, Mercury was posthumously awarded the for Outstanding Contribution to British Music, and was held at, London. In 2002, he was placed number 58 in the 's 2002 poll of the. Mercury was voted best male singer of all time in a 2005 poll organised. Mercury was also ranked at 18 on the 2008 list of the 100 greatest singers ever; and ranked the second best lead singer in a 2011 Rolling Stone readers' pick. Mercury was described by as 'one of rock's greatest all-time entertainers,' with 'one of the greatest voices in all of music.' Upon its release in November 2018, the biographical film about Mercury and Queen, became the highest-grossing musical biographical film of all time. The house in where Mercury lived in his early years Mercury was born Farrokh Bulsara in in the of on 5 September 1946.
His parents, Bomi (1908–2003) and Jer (1922–2016) Bulsara, were from the region of the then-province of the in. They had moved to so that Bomi could continue his job as a cashier at the.
As Parsis, the Bulsara family practised the religion. Mercury had a younger sister called Kashmira. He was born with four incisors, to which he attributed his enhanced vocal range. Mercury was born a British citizen, and remained so throughout his life. Mercury spent most of his childhood in India and began taking piano lessons at the age of seven. In 1954, at the age of eight, Mercury was sent to study at, a British-style boarding school for boys, in near.
At the age of 12, he formed a school band, and artists such as. One of Mercury's former bandmates from the Hectics has said 'the only music he listened to, and played, was Western pop music.' A friend from the time recalls that he had 'an uncanny ability to listen to the radio and replay what he heard on piano'. It was also at St. Peter's where he began to call himself 'Freddie'.
He also attended. In February 1963 he moved back to Zanzibar where he joined his parents at their flat. At 22 Gladstone Avenue, Feltham, London In 1964, Mercury and his family fled from Zanzibar to escape the, in which thousands of Arabs and Indians were killed.
They moved into a small house at 22 Gladstone Avenue, England. After first studying art at in, Mercury went on to study graphic art and design at, graduating with a diploma in 1969. He later used these skills to design heraldic arms for his band Queen. Following graduation, Mercury joined a series of bands and sold second-hand clothes in in London with girlfriend Mary Austin. He also held a job as a baggage handler at. Friends from the time remember him as a quiet and shy young man with a great interest in music.
In 1969 he joined the -based band Ibex, later renamed Wreckage. He lived briefly in a flat above a Liverpool pub, The Dovedale Towers.
When this band failed to take off, he joined another called, but by early 1970 this group had broken up as well. In April 1970, Mercury teamed up with guitarist and drummer, to become lead singer of their band. They were joined by bassist in 1971.
Despite the reservations of the other members and, the band's initial management, Mercury chose the name 'Queen' for the new band. He later said, 'It's very regal obviously, and it sounds splendid. It's a strong name, very universal and immediate. I was certainly aware of the gay connotations, but that was just one facet of it.' At about the same time, he changed his surname, Bulsara, to Mercury. Shortly before the release of Queen's, Mercury designed the band's logo, known as the 'Queen crest'.
The logo combines the signs of the four band members: two lions for Deacon and Taylor (sign ), a crab for May , and two fairies for Mercury. The lions embrace a stylised letter Q, the crab rests atop the letter with flames rising directly above it, and the fairies are each sheltering below a lion. There is also a crown inside the Q and the whole logo is over-shadowed by an enormous. The Queen crest bears a passing resemblance to the, particularly with the lion supporters. Career Singer. Mercury's known vocal range Although Mercury's speaking voice naturally fell in the range, he delivered most songs in the range.
His known vocal range extended from low F to high F (F6). He could up to high F (F5). Biographer described his voice as 'escalating within a few bars from a deep, throaty rock-growl to tender, vibrant tenor, then on to a high-pitched, perfect, pure and crystalline in the upper reaches.' Spanish, with whom Mercury recorded an album, expressed her opinion that 'the difference between Freddie and almost all the other rock stars was that he was selling the voice'. She adds, His technique was astonishing.
No problem of, he sang with an incisive sense of rhythm, his vocal placement was very good and he was able to glide effortlessly from a register to another. He also had a great musicality. His phrasing was subtle, delicate and sweet or energetic and slamming. He was able to find the right colouring or expressive nuance for each word.
Lead singer called Mercury 'the best virtuoso rock 'n' roll singer of all time. He could sing anything in any style. He could change his style from line to line and, God, that's an art.
And he was brilliant at it.' A research team undertook a study in 2016 to understand the appeal behind Mercury's voice. Led by Professor Christian Herbst, the team identified his notably faster and use of as unique characteristics of Mercury's voice, particularly in comparison to opera singers, and confirmed a vocal range from F#2 to G5 (just over 3 octaves) but were unable to confirm claims of a 4-octave range. The research team studied vocal samples from 23 commercially available Queen recordings, his solo work, and a series of interviews of the late artist. They also used an video camera to study a rock singer brought in to imitate Mercury's singing voice.
Songwriter Mercury wrote 10 of the 17 songs on Queen's album: ', ', ', ', ', ', ', ', ', and '. In 2003 Mercury was posthumously inducted into the, and in 2005 he was posthumously awarded an for Outstanding Song Collection from the. The most notable aspect of his songwriting involved the wide range of genres that he used, which included, among other styles,. As he explained in a 1986 interview, 'I hate doing the same thing again and again and again. I like to see what's happening now in music, film and theatre and incorporate all of those things.' Compared to many popular songwriters, Mercury also tended to write musically complex material. For example, 'Bohemian Rhapsody' is non-cyclical in structure and comprises dozens of.
He also wrote six songs from which deal with multiple key changes and complex material. 'Crazy Little Thing Called Love', on the other hand, contains only a few chords.
Despite the fact that Mercury often wrote very intricate, he also claimed that he could barely read music. He wrote most of his songs on the piano and used a wide variety of key signatures. Live performer.
Mercury playing rhythm guitar during a live concert with Queen in Frankfurt, Germany, 1984. As a young boy in India, Mercury received formal piano training up to the age of nine. Later on, while living in London, he learned guitar. Much of the music he liked was guitar-oriented: his favourite artists at the time were,. He was often self-deprecating about his skills on both instruments and from the early 1980s began extensively using guest keyboardists. Most notably, he enlisted (a Canadian musician who also worked for, and ) for his first solo project.
From 1982 Mercury collaborated with Morgan Fisher (performed with Queen in concert during the Hot Space leg), and from 1985 onward Mercury collaborated with (in the studio) and (in concert). Mercury played the piano in many of Queen's most popular songs, including ', ', ', ', ', and '.
He used concert and, occasionally, other keyboard instruments such as the. From 1980 onward, he also made frequent use of synthesisers in the studio. Queen guitarist claims that Mercury was unimpressed with his own abilities at the piano and used the instrument less over time because he wanted to walk around onstage and entertain the audience.
Although he wrote many lines for the guitar, Mercury possessed only rudimentary skills on the instrument. Songs like ' and ' were composed on the guitar; the latter featured Mercury playing rhythm guitar on stage and in the studio. 12 Stafford Terrace in, London, one of Mercury's former homes In the early 1970s, Mercury had a long-term relationship with Mary Austin, whom he met through guitarist.
He lived with Austin for several years in, London. By the mid-1970s, he had begun an affair with a male American record executive at, and in December 1976, Mercury told Austin of his sexuality, which ended their romantic relationship.
Mercury moved out of the flat they shared, into 12 Stafford Terrace in Kensington and bought Austin a place of her own nearby. They remained close friends through the years, with Mercury often referring to her as his only true friend. In a 1985 interview, Mercury said of Austin, 'All my lovers asked me why they couldn't replace Mary Austin, but it's simply impossible. The only friend I've got is Mary, and I don't want anybody else.
To me, she was my common-law wife. To me, it was a marriage. We believe in each other, that's enough for me.' He also wrote several songs about Austin, the most notable of which is '. Mercury's final home, Garden Lodge, 1, a twenty-eight room mansion in Kensington set in a quarter-acre manicured garden surrounded by a high brick wall, had been picked out by Austin. Mercury was also the godfather of Austin's oldest son, Richard.
During the early- to mid-1980s, he was reportedly involved with, an Austrian actress, who is featured in the video for '. However, in another article, Valentin was 'just a friend', and Mercury was really dating German restaurateur Winfried Kirchberger during this time. By 1985, he began another long-term relationship with Irish-born hairdresser Jim Hutton (1949–2010).
Hutton, who was tested HIV-positive in 1990, lived with Mercury for the last six years of his life, nursed him during his illness, and was present at his bedside when he died. Hutton said Mercury died wearing the wedding band that Hutton had given him. In his will, Mercury left his London home to Austin, rather than Hutton, saying to her, 'You would have been my wife, and it would have been yours anyway.'
Friendship with Kenny Everett Radio DJ first met Mercury in 1974 when he invited the singer onto his breakfast show on. As two of Britain's most flamboyant, outrageous, and popular entertainers, they shared much in common and instantly became close friends. Everett would play a major role in Queen's early success when, in 1975, armed with an advance copy of the single ', Mercury went to see Everett. While privately Everett doubted any station would play the song due to its length at over 6 minutes, he said nothing to Mercury and placed the song on the turntable, and, after hearing it, enthused: 'forget it, it's going to be number one for centuries'.
While Capital Radio had not officially accepted the song, the anarchic Everett would talk incessantly about a record he had but could not play, before the song 'accidentally' started playing, with Everett stating: 'Oops, my finger must've slipped.' Capital's switchboard was jammed with callers wanting to know when the song was going to be released – on one occasion Everett aired the song 36 times in one day. During the 1970s, their friendship became closer, with Everett becoming advisor and mentor to Mercury, and Mercury as Everett's confidante. Throughout the early-to mid-1980s, they continued to explore their homosexuality, as well as experimenting in drugs, and although they were never lovers, they did experience London night life on a regular basis together.
By 1985, they had fallen out over a disagreement on their using and sharing of drugs, and their friendship was further strained when Everett was outed in the autobiography of his ex-wife, with Mercury taking Lee's side. With both suffering from failing health, Mercury and Everett started talking again in 1989, and they were able to reconcile their differences.
Sexual orientation While some commentators claimed Mercury hid his sexual orientation from the public, others claimed he was 'openly '. In December 1974, when asked directly, 'So how about being bent?' By the, Mercury replied, 'You're a crafty cow. Let's put it this way: there were times when I was young and green.
It's a thing schoolboys go through. I've had my share of schoolboy pranks.
I'm not going to elaborate further.' Homosexual acts between adult males over the age of 21 had been, only seven years earlier. In the 1980s, he would often distance himself from his partner, Jim Hutton, during public events.
During his career, Mercury's flamboyant stage performances sometimes led journalists to allude to his sexuality. Dave Dickson, reviewing Queen's performance at in 1984 for, noted Mercury's ' addresses to the audience and even described him as a 'posing, pouting, posturing tart'.
In 1992, John Marshall of opined: 'Mercury was a 'scene-queen,' not afraid to publicly express his gayness, but unwilling to analyse or justify his 'lifestyle'. It was as if Freddie Mercury was saying to the world, 'I am what I am. And that in itself for some was a statement.' In an article for, Robert Urban stated: 'Mercury did not ally himself to 'political,' or to causes.'
Some have claimed Mercury was; for example, in regard to the creation of, said: 'We were sitting around at one of the annual bi conventions, venting and someone – I think it was – said we should have a party. We all loved the great bisexual, Freddie Mercury. His birthday was in September, so why not Sept?
We wanted a weekend day to ensure the most people would do something. Gigi's birthday was Sept 23rd. It fell on a weekend day, so, poof! We had a day.' As well, stated, 'Closeted throughout his life, Mercury, who was bisexual, engaged in affairs with men but referred to a woman he loved in his youth, Mary Austin, as 'the love of his life,' according to the biography Somebody to Love: The Life, Death, and Legacy of Freddie Mercury.' Personality Although he cultivated a flamboyant stage personality, Mercury was shy and retiring when not performing, particularly around people he did not know well, and granted very few interviews.
Mercury once said of himself: 'When I'm performing I'm an, yet inside I'm a completely different man.' While on stage, Mercury basked in the love from his audience; 's suicide note mentions how he admired and envied the way Mercury 'seemed to love, relish in the love and adoration from the crowd'. In 1987, Mercury celebrated his 41st birthday at the, several months after discovering that he had contracted HIV. Mercury sought much comfort at the retreat and was a close friend of the owner, Anthony Pike, who described Mercury as 'the most beautiful person I've ever met in my life. So entertaining and generous.' According to biographer, Mercury 'felt very much at home there. He played some tennis, lounged by the pool, and ventured out to the odd gay club or bar at night.'
The party, held on 5 September 1987, has been described as 'the most incredible example of excess the Mediterranean island had ever seen', and was attended by some 700 people. A cake in the shape of Gaudi's was provided for the party, although the original cake collapsed and was replaced with a 2-metre-long sponge cake with the notes from Mercury's song 'Barcelona'. The bill, which included 232 broken glasses, was presented to Queen's manager,. Illness and death. In Montreux, Switzerland, Queen's recording studio from 1978 to 1995. Mercury recorded his final vocals here in May 1991. In December 2013, the studio was opened free as the 'Queen Studio Experience', with fans asked for a donation to the charity.
In October 1986, the British press reported that Mercury had his blood tested for at a clinic. A reporter for, questioned Mercury about the story at as he was returning from a trip to Japan. Mercury denied he had the disease.
According to his partner Jim Hutton, Mercury was diagnosed with AIDS in late April 1987. Around that time, Mercury claimed in an interview to have tested negative for HIV. Despite the denials, the British press pursued the rumours over the next few years, fuelled by Mercury's increasingly gaunt appearance, Queen's absence from touring, and reports from former lovers to various. By 1990, the rumours about Mercury's health were rife.
At the held at the, London, on 18 February, a visibly frail Mercury made his final appearance on stage when he joined the rest of Queen to collect the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music. Towards the end of his life, he was routinely stalked by photographers, while The Sun featured a series of articles claiming that he was ill; notably in an article from November 1990 that featured an image of a haggard-looking Mercury on the front page accompanied by the headline, 'It's official – Freddie is seriously ill.' However, Mercury and his inner circle of colleagues and friends, whom he felt he could trust, continually denied the stories, even after one front-page article, published on 29 April 1991, showed Mercury appearing very haggard in what was by then a rare public appearance.
It has been suggested that he could have made a contribution to AIDS awareness by speaking earlier about his situation and his fight against the disease. Mercury kept his condition private to protect those closest to him, with Brian May confirming in a 1993 interview he had informed the band of his illness much earlier.
Filmed in May 1991, the for ' features a very thin Mercury, in what are his final scenes in front of the camera. The rest of the band were ready to record when Mercury felt able to come into the studio, for an hour or two at a time. May says of Mercury: 'He just kept saying.
'Write me more. Write me stuff. I want to just sing this and do it and when I am gone you can finish it off.' He had no fear, really.' Justin Shirley-Smith, the assistant engineer for those last sessions, states: 'This is hard to explain to people, but it wasn't sad, it was very happy.
He Freddie was one of the funniest people I ever encountered. I was laughing most of the time, with him. Freddie was saying of his illness 'I'm not going to think about it, I'm going to do this.' After the conclusion of his work with Queen in June 1991, Mercury retired to his home in, west London. His former partner, Mary Austin, had been a particular comfort in his final years, and in the last few weeks of his life made regular visits to his home to look after him. Near the end of his life Mercury was starting to lose his sight, and he deteriorated to the point where he could not get out of bed.
Due to his worsening condition, Mercury decided to hasten his death by refusing to take his medication and continued taking only painkillers. On 22 November 1991, Mercury called Queen's manager Jim Beach over to his Kensington home to discuss a public statement, which was released the following day: Following the enormous conjecture in the press over the last two weeks, I wish to confirm that I have been tested HIV positive and have AIDS. I felt it correct to keep this information private to date to protect the privacy of those around me. However, the time has come now for my friends and fans around the world to know the truth and I hope that everyone will join with me, my doctors and all those worldwide in the fight against this terrible disease. My privacy has always been very special to me and I am famous for my lack of interviews. Please understand this policy will continue.
The outer walls of Mercury's final home, Garden Lodge, 1, west London, became a shrine to the late singer. Pictured in 2014. On the evening of 24 November 1991, just over 24 hours after issuing that statement, Mercury died at the age of 45 at his home in Kensington. The official cause of death was resulting from AIDS.
Mercury's close friend, of, had taken over the bedside vigil when he died. Austin phoned Mercury's parents and sister to break the news of his death, which reached newspaper and television crews by the early hours of 25 November. On 27 November, Mercury's funeral service at was conducted by a priest. In attendance at Mercury's service were his family and 35 of his close friends, including the remaining members of Queen. His coffin was carried into the chapel to the sounds of '/'. In accordance with Mercury's wishes, Mary Austin took possession of his and buried them in an undisclosed location.
The whereabouts of his ashes are believed to be known only to Austin, who has stated that she will never reveal where she buried them. In his will, Mercury left the vast majority of his wealth, including his home and recording royalties, to Mary Austin and the remainder to his parents and sister. He left £500,000 to his chef, Joe Fanelli; £500,000 to his personal assistant, Peter Freestone; £100,000 to his driver, Terry Giddings; and £500,000 to Jim Hutton. Austin continues to live at Mercury's former home, Garden Lodge, Kensington, with her family.
The outer walls of Garden Lodge in 1 became a shrine to Mercury following his death, with mourners paying tribute by covering the walls in graffiti messages. Three years after his death, Time Out magazine reported, 'Since Freddie's death, the wall outside the house has become London's biggest rock 'n' roll shrine.' Fans continue to visit to pay their respects with messages in letters appearing on the walls. Hutton was involved in a 2000 biography of Mercury, Freddie Mercury, the Untold Story, and also gave an interview for in November 2006 for what would have been Mercury's 60th birthday. Legacy Continued popularity. A wax sculpture of Freddie Mercury at, Amsterdam.
Wearing his yellow military jacket (from his 1986 concerts), called it his best known look. The extent to which Mercury's death may have enhanced Queen's popularity is not clear. In the United States, where Queen's popularity had lagged in the 1980s, sales of Queen albums went up dramatically in 1992, the year following his death.
In 1992, one American critic noted, 'What cynics call the 'dead star' factor had come into play—Queen is in the middle of a major resurgence.' The movie, which featured 'Bohemian Rhapsody', also came out in 1992. According to the, Queen had sold 34.5 million albums in the United States by 2004, about half of which had been sold since Mercury's death in 1991. Estimates of Queen's total worldwide record sales to date have been set as high as 300 million.
In the United Kingdom, Queen have now spent more collective weeks on the than any other musical act (including ), and Queen's Greatest Hits is the of all time in the United Kingdom. Two of Mercury's songs, ' and ', have also each been voted as the greatest song of all time in major polls. Both songs have been inducted into the; 'Bohemian Rhapsody' in 2004 and 'We Are the Champions' in 2009.
In October 2007 the video for 'Bohemian Rhapsody' was voted the greatest of all time by readers of. Since his death, Queen were inducted into the in 2001, and all four band members were inducted into the in 2003. Their Rock Hall of Fame citation reads, “in the golden era of and gorgeously hyper-produced theatrical extravaganzas that defined one branch of '70s rock, no group came close in either concept or execution to Queen.” The band were among the inaugural inductees into the in 2004.
They received the for Outstanding Song Collection from the in 2005, and in 2018 they were presented the. Posthumous Queen album In November 1995, Mercury appeared posthumously on Queen's final album. The album featured Mercury's previously unreleased final recordings from 1991, as well as outtakes from previous years and reworked versions of solo works by the surviving members. The album cover features the Freddie Mercury statue that overlooks Lake Geneva superimposed with Mercury's Duck House lake cabin that he had rented. This is where he had written and recorded his last songs at. The sleeve of the album contains the words, 'Dedicated to the immortal spirit of Freddie Mercury.' Featuring tracks such as ' and ', the album also contains the song ', the last vocal recording Mercury made prior to his death, which he completed using a drum machine, over which May, Taylor, and Deacon later added the instrumental track.
After completing the penultimate verse, Mercury had told the band he 'wasn't feeling that great' and stated, 'I will finish it when I come back, next time”. However, he never made it back into the studio, so May later recorded the final verse of the song. Mural promoting the release of on the side of Mercury's former art college in west London in October 2018. The 2018 biographical film was, at its release, the highest-grossing biographical film of all time. Mercury was portrayed. Malek's performance was praised; he received the for, and while the film received mixed reviews and contained historical inaccuracies, it won the Golden Globe for.
Mercury appeared as a supporting character in the BBC television drama Best Possible Taste: The Story, first broadcast in October 2012. He was portrayed by actor. He was played by actor John Blunt in The Freddie Mercury Story: Who Wants to Live Forever, first broadcast in the UK on in November 2016. Although the programme was criticised for focusing on Mercury's love life and sexuality, Blunt's performance and likeness to the singer did receive praise. In 2018, David Avery portrayed Mercury in the comedy series in an episode focusing on the antics backstage at Live Aid, and Kayvan Novak portrayed Mercury in an episode titled ' vs. He was also portrayed by (as the character ) on in the October 2018 episode titled '.
Will once wanted to be Freddie Mercury in a talent show when he was little, but his mother forbade it leading to Will dressing as Mercury at the end of Jack's grandson's talent show in Texas. The Bulsara family gets its name from Bulsar, a city and district that is now in the Indian state of and is today officially known as.
In the 17th century, Bulsar was one of the five centres of the religion (the other four were also in what is today Gujarat) and consequently 'Bulsara' is a relatively common name amongst Parsi Zoroastrians. On Mercury's birth certificate, his parents defined themselves with 'Nationality: British Indian' and 'Race: '. The Parsis are an ethnic group of origin and have lived on the Indian Subcontinent for over a thousand years.